Publicado 2025-03-05
Palabras clave
- Delirios clínicos,
- Creencias conspirativas,
- Implausibilidad,
- Inquebrantabilidad,
- Carácter delirante de las creencias
- Clinical Delusions,
- Conspiracy Beliefs,
- Implausibility,
- Unshakeability,
- Delusional Character of Beliefs

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Resumen
Recientemente, en la prensa popular y en la investigación en ciencias cognitivas, ha habido una tendencia no solo a comparar las creencias en teorías conspirativas con los delirios clínicos, sino a calificar de delirantes diversas creencias no clínicas que se consideran epistémicamente problemáticas. Sam Wilkinson propuso que cuando llamamos delirante a una creencia expresamos nuestra desaprobación epistémica desde el sentido común hacia una creencia que no compartimos. En este sentido es parte de la propuesta de Wilkinson que la atribución de carácter delirante a las creencias cumple un rol expresivo y no descriptivo. De este modo, se implica que llamar delirantes a ciertas creencias no está mediado por el hecho de que dichas creencias satisfagan determinadas condiciones; así, la expresión de desaprobación no se puede desglosar más. En este artículo, queremos adoptar la propuesta de que llamar “delirantes” a las creencias es una forma de expresar desaprobación hacia esas creencias, pero queremos, a su vez, rechazar la idea de que las razones de la desaprobación no se pueden desglosar. Una creencia se denomina “delirante” cuando se considera (1) implausible, en el sentido de que no tiene apariencia de verdad porque se opone a las creencias existentes, y (2) inquebrantable, en el sentido de que no suele abandonarse bajo la presión de contraargumentos o evidencia contra ella. Aunque hay otras características de las creencias que explican por qué las llamamos delirantes, nos centraremos en la implausibilidad y la inquebrantabilidad como criterios epistémicos del carácter delirante de las creencias.
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