Artículos
Completando un proyecto inconcluso: una propuesta de aplicación de la teoría de la democracia deliberativa de Carlos Nino al plano global
Publicado 2015-11-01
Palabras clave
- Global Democracy,
- Deliberative Democracy,
- Cosmopolitan Democracy,
- Transnational Democracy,
- C. S. Nino
- Democracia global,
- Democracia deliberativa,
- Democracia cosmopolita,
- C. S. Nino,
- Democracia transnacional
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Resumen
Según cuentan algunos de sus colegas y discípulos, al momento de su temprana muerte, en 1993, Carlos Nino estaba comenzando a estudiar la posibilidad de trasladar sus teorías al plano internacional. En este trabajo pretendo retomar al menos un aspecto de aquel proyecto, preguntándome cómo hubiera trasladado Nino su teoría de la democracia al plano global. En otras palabras, intentaré especular respecto de cómo podrían insertarse las ideas nineanas en la discusión actual en materia de democracia global. Mi hipótesis es que, por un lado, Nino habría reclamado la creación de nuevas instancias de participación popular en los procesos de creación e implementación del derecho internacional; pero a la vez, por otro lado, habría defendido el núcleo duro de la “constitución histórica” del derecho internacional, basada en un sistema interestatal y descentralizado (por oposición a un cambio revolucionario, como la creación de una asamblea parlamentaria global, o alguna propuesta similar).
Citas
1. Abizadeh, A. (2007), “Cooperation, Pervasive Impact, and Coercion: on the Scope (not Site) of Distributive Justice”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 35(4), pp. 318-358.
2. Archibugi, D. (2008), The Global Commonwealth of Citizens: Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy, Princeton University Press.
3. Barraguirre, J. (2013), “La constitución de Carlos Nino”, en Nino, C. S., Una teoría de la justicia para la democracia, Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI, pp. 235-239.
4. Beck, U. (2004), Qué es la globalización: Falacias del globalismo, respuestas a la globalización, Buenos Aires, Paidós.
5. Beitz, C. (1979), Political Theory and International Relations, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
6. Beitz, C. (2000), “Rawls’s Law of Peoples”, Ethics, 110(4), pp. 669-696.
7. Beitz, C. (2009), The Idea of Human Rights, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
8. Benhabib, S. (2012), “Is There a Human Right to Democracy? Beyond Interventionism and Indifference”, en Corradetti, C. (ed.), Philosophical Dimensions of Human Rights: Some Contemporary Views, Dordrecht, Springer, pp. 191-213.
9. Besson, S. (2009), “Institutionalising Global demoi-cracy”, en Meyer, H. l. (ed.), Legitimacy, Justice and Public International Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 58-91.
10. Besson, S. (2010), “Theorizing the Sources of International Law”, en Besson, S. y Tasioulas, J. (eds.), The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 163-185.
11. Blondiaux, L. (2013), El nuevo espíritu de la democracia: Actualidad de la democracia participativa, Buenos Aires, Prometeo.
12. Bogdandy, A. (2004), “Globalization and Europe: How to Square Democracy, Globalization, and International Law”, European Journal of International Law, 15(5), pp. 885-906.
13. Bohman, J. (2007), Democracy across Borders: From Dêmos to Dêmoi, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
14. Brunée, J. (2010), “Consent”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law.
15. Buchanan, A. (2004), Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
16. Burns, W. C. (1997), “Global Warming: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Future of Small Island States”, Dickinson Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 6, pp. 147-188.
17. Christiano, T. (2010), “Democratic Legitimacy and International Institutions”, en Besson, S. y Tasioulas, J. (eds.), The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 119-137.
18. Cohen, J. y Sabel, C. F. (2006), “Extra Rempublicam Nulla Justitia?”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 34(2), pp. 147-175.
19. Dahl, R. (1989), Democracy and its Critics, New Haven, Yale University Press.
20. Dahl, R. (1999), “Can International Organizations be Democratic? A Skeptic’s View”, en I. Shapiro, I. y Hacker-Cordon, C. (eds.), Democracy’s Edges, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
21. Donaldson, S. y Kymlicka, W. (2011), Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
22. Dryzek, J. (2000), Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
23. Dworkin, R. (1986), Law’s Empire, Cambridge, Belknap Press.
24. Dworkin, R. (2013), “A New Philosophy for International Law”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 41(1), pp. 2-30.
25. Elster, J. (1998), Deliberative Democracy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
26. Falk, R. y Strauss, A. (2000), “On the Creation of a Global Peoples Assembly: Legitimacy and the Power of Popular Sovereignty”, Stanford Journal of International Law, 36(2), pp. 191-220.
27. Fishkin, J. S. (1991), Democracy and Deliberation: New Directions for Democratic Reform, New Haven, Yale University Press.
28. Fishkin, J. S. (2009), When People Speak: Deliberative Democracy & Public Consultation, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
29. Fourniau, J.-M. (2001), “Information, Access to Decision-Making and Public Debate in France: the Growing Demand for Deliberative Democracy”, Science and Public Policy, 28(6), pp. 441-451.
30. Gargarella, R. (1998a), “Full Representation, Deliberation, and Impartiality”, en Elster, J. (ed.), Deliberative Democracy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 260-280.
31. Gargarella, R. (1998b), “La constitución de la democracia deliberativa según Carlos Nino”, Revista Jurídica de la Universidad de Palermo, 3(1), pp. 193-198.
32. Gargarella, R. (2012), “Necesidad y procedimiento de la reforma legal”, Pensar en Derecho, 0, pp. 23-36.
33. Gargarella, R. (2014), “‘We the People’ Outside of the Constitution: The Dialogic Model of Constitutionalism and the System of Checks and Balances”, Current Legal Problems, 67(1), pp. 1-47.
34. Habermas, J. (2001), The Postnational Constellation: Political Essays, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
35. Held, D. (1995), Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
36. Held, D. (2010), “Principles of Cosmopolitan Order”, en Held, D. y Wallace, G. (eds.), The Cosmopolitanism Reader, Cambridge, Polity.
37. Held, D. y McGrew, A. (2003), Globalización/Antiglobalización: Sobre la reconstrucción del orden mundial, Barcelona, Paidós.
38. Johnstone, I. (2011), The Power of Deliberation: International Law, Politics and Organizations, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
39. Kaldor, M. (1991), “The Idea of Global Civil Society”, International Affairs, 79(3), pp. 583-593.
40. Kammerhofer, J. (2015), “International Legal Positivism”, en Hoffmann, F. y Orford, A. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of International Legal Theory, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
41. Klabbers, J. (2013), International Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press [ Links ]
42. Koskenniemi, M. (2005), From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of the International Legal Argument, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
43. Kuper, A. (2000), “Rawlsian Global Justice: Beyond the Law of Peoples to a Cosmopolitan Law of Persons”, Political Theory, 28(5), pp. 640-674.
44. Kymlicka, W. (2001), Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Citizenship, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
45. Kymlicka, W. (2002), Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction, Oxford, Oxford Uuniversity Press.
46. Lachenmann, F. (2011), “Legal Positivism”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law.
47. Lowe, V. (2000), “The Politics of Law-Making: Are the Mmethod and Character of Norm Creation Changing?”, en Byers, M. (ed.), The Role of Law in International Politics, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 207-226.
48. Macdonald, T. (2008), Global Stakeholder Democracy: Power and Representation Beyond Liberal States, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
49. Maisley, N. (2013), “The Case for Large Participatory Conferences as a Means of Decision Making in International Environmental Law”, Environmental Claims Journal, 25(2), pp. 111-126.
50. Marks, S. (2000), The Riddle of All Constitutions: International Law, Democracy and the Critique of Ideology, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
51. Martí, J. L. (2006), La república deliberativa: Una teoría de la democracia, Madrid, Marcial Pons.
52. Martí, J. L. (2010), “A Global republic to Prevent Global Domination”, Diacrítica. Revista do Centro de Estudos Humanísticos da Universidade do Minho, 24(2), pp. 31-72.
53. Martí, J. L. (2012), “Política y bien común global”, en Espósito, C. y Garcimartín Alférez, F. J. (eds.), La protección de bienes jurídicos globales, Madrid, Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado, pp. 17-37.
54. McCorquodale, R. (2004), “An Inclusive International Legal System”, Leiden Journal of International Law, 17(3), pp. 477-504.
55. Miller, D. (1995), On Nationality, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
56. Moravcsik, A. (2004), “Is There a ‘Democratic Deficit’ in World Politics? A Framework for Analysis”, Government and Opposition, 39(2), pp. 336-363.
57. Nagel, T. (2005), “The Problem of Global Justice”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 33(2), pp. 113-147.
58. Neblo, M., Esterling, K., Kennedy, R., Lazer, D. y Sokhey, A. (2010), “Who Wants To Deliberate - And Why?”, The American Political Science Review, 104(3), pp. 566-583.
59. Nino, C. S. (1989), Ética y derechos humanos, Buenos Aires, Astrea.
60. Nino, C. S. (1996), The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy, New Haven, Yale University Press.
61. Nino, C. S. (2007), Derecho, moral y política II: Fundamentos del liberalismo político, derechos humanos y democracia deliberativa, Maurino, G. (ed.), Buenos Aires Gedisa.
62. Nino, C. S. (2013), Ocho lecciones sobre ética y derecho para pensar la democracia, Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI.
63. Oquendo, A. (2008), “Democracia deliberativa en Nino y Habermas”, en Alegre, M., Gargarella, R. y Rosenkrantz, C. (eds.), Homenaje a Carlos S. Nino, Buenos Aires, La ley - Facultad de Derecho, pp. 269-306.
64. Peters, A. (2009), “Dual Democracy”, en Klabbers, J., Peters, A. y Ulfstein, G. (eds.), The Constitutionalization of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 263-341.
65. Pettit, P. (2010a), “A republican Law of Peoples”, European Journal of Political Theory, 9(1), pp. 70-94.
66. Pettit, P. (2010b), “Legitimate International Institutions: A Neo-Republican Perspective”, en Besson, S. y J. Tasioulas, J. (eds.), The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 139-160.
67. Pinto, M. (2008), El derecho internacional: Vigencia y desafíos en un escenario globalizado, Buenos Aires, Fondo de Cultura Económica.
68. Pogge, T. (1989), Realizing Rawls, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
69. Pogge, T. (1992), “Cosmopolitanism and Sovereignty”, Ethics, 103(1), pp. 48-75.
70. Pogge, T. (2004), “The Incoherence Between Rawls’s Theories of Justice”, Fordham Law Review, 72(5), pp. 1739-1759.
71. Rawls, J. (1993), Political Liberalism, Nueva York, Columbia University Press.
72. Rawls, J. (1999a), A Theory of Justice,Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
73. Rawls, J. (1999b), The Law of Peoples (with The Idea of Public Reason Revisited), Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
74. Rosanvallon, P. (2008), Counter-Democracy: Politics in an Age of Distrust, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
75. Sassen, S. (2007), Sociology of Globalization, Nueva York, W.W. Norton.
76. Scanlon, T. (2005), When Does Equality Matter?, Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies.
77. Simma, B. y Paulus, A. (1999), “The Responsibility of Individuals for Human Rights Abuses in Internal Conflicts: A Positivist View”, The American Journal of International Law, 93, pp. 302-316.
78. Singer, P. (2002), One World: The Ethics of Globalization, New Haven, Yale University Press.
79. Spector, H. (2008), “Democracia y control de constitucionalidad: una tensión aparente”, en Alegre, M., Gargarella, R. y Rosenkrantz, C. (eds.), Homenaje a Carlos S. Nino, La ley - Facultad de Derecho, Buenos Aires, pp. 231-246.
80. Tasioulas, J. (2009), “Customary International Law and the Quest for Global Justice”, en Perrau-Saussine, A. y Murphy, J. B. (eds.), The Nature of Customary Law: Legal, Historical and Philosophical Perspectives, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 307-335.
81. Tesón, F. (1998), A Philosophy of International Law, Oxford, Westview Press.
82. Urbinati, N. (2003), “Can Cosmopolitan Democracy Be Democratic?”, en Archibugi, D. (ed.), Debating Cosmopolitics, Londres, Verso.
83. Walzer, M. (2000), “Governing the Globe”, Dissent, pp. 44-52.
84. Wolfrum, R. (2006), “International Law”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law.
85. Wolfrum, R. (2008), Legitimacy in International Law, Wolfrum, R. y Röben, V. (eds.), Berlín, Springer.
2. Archibugi, D. (2008), The Global Commonwealth of Citizens: Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy, Princeton University Press.
3. Barraguirre, J. (2013), “La constitución de Carlos Nino”, en Nino, C. S., Una teoría de la justicia para la democracia, Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI, pp. 235-239.
4. Beck, U. (2004), Qué es la globalización: Falacias del globalismo, respuestas a la globalización, Buenos Aires, Paidós.
5. Beitz, C. (1979), Political Theory and International Relations, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
6. Beitz, C. (2000), “Rawls’s Law of Peoples”, Ethics, 110(4), pp. 669-696.
7. Beitz, C. (2009), The Idea of Human Rights, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
8. Benhabib, S. (2012), “Is There a Human Right to Democracy? Beyond Interventionism and Indifference”, en Corradetti, C. (ed.), Philosophical Dimensions of Human Rights: Some Contemporary Views, Dordrecht, Springer, pp. 191-213.
9. Besson, S. (2009), “Institutionalising Global demoi-cracy”, en Meyer, H. l. (ed.), Legitimacy, Justice and Public International Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 58-91.
10. Besson, S. (2010), “Theorizing the Sources of International Law”, en Besson, S. y Tasioulas, J. (eds.), The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 163-185.
11. Blondiaux, L. (2013), El nuevo espíritu de la democracia: Actualidad de la democracia participativa, Buenos Aires, Prometeo.
12. Bogdandy, A. (2004), “Globalization and Europe: How to Square Democracy, Globalization, and International Law”, European Journal of International Law, 15(5), pp. 885-906.
13. Bohman, J. (2007), Democracy across Borders: From Dêmos to Dêmoi, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
14. Brunée, J. (2010), “Consent”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law.
15. Buchanan, A. (2004), Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
16. Burns, W. C. (1997), “Global Warming: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Future of Small Island States”, Dickinson Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 6, pp. 147-188.
17. Christiano, T. (2010), “Democratic Legitimacy and International Institutions”, en Besson, S. y Tasioulas, J. (eds.), The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 119-137.
18. Cohen, J. y Sabel, C. F. (2006), “Extra Rempublicam Nulla Justitia?”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 34(2), pp. 147-175.
19. Dahl, R. (1989), Democracy and its Critics, New Haven, Yale University Press.
20. Dahl, R. (1999), “Can International Organizations be Democratic? A Skeptic’s View”, en I. Shapiro, I. y Hacker-Cordon, C. (eds.), Democracy’s Edges, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
21. Donaldson, S. y Kymlicka, W. (2011), Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
22. Dryzek, J. (2000), Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
23. Dworkin, R. (1986), Law’s Empire, Cambridge, Belknap Press.
24. Dworkin, R. (2013), “A New Philosophy for International Law”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 41(1), pp. 2-30.
25. Elster, J. (1998), Deliberative Democracy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
26. Falk, R. y Strauss, A. (2000), “On the Creation of a Global Peoples Assembly: Legitimacy and the Power of Popular Sovereignty”, Stanford Journal of International Law, 36(2), pp. 191-220.
27. Fishkin, J. S. (1991), Democracy and Deliberation: New Directions for Democratic Reform, New Haven, Yale University Press.
28. Fishkin, J. S. (2009), When People Speak: Deliberative Democracy & Public Consultation, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
29. Fourniau, J.-M. (2001), “Information, Access to Decision-Making and Public Debate in France: the Growing Demand for Deliberative Democracy”, Science and Public Policy, 28(6), pp. 441-451.
30. Gargarella, R. (1998a), “Full Representation, Deliberation, and Impartiality”, en Elster, J. (ed.), Deliberative Democracy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 260-280.
31. Gargarella, R. (1998b), “La constitución de la democracia deliberativa según Carlos Nino”, Revista Jurídica de la Universidad de Palermo, 3(1), pp. 193-198.
32. Gargarella, R. (2012), “Necesidad y procedimiento de la reforma legal”, Pensar en Derecho, 0, pp. 23-36.
33. Gargarella, R. (2014), “‘We the People’ Outside of the Constitution: The Dialogic Model of Constitutionalism and the System of Checks and Balances”, Current Legal Problems, 67(1), pp. 1-47.
34. Habermas, J. (2001), The Postnational Constellation: Political Essays, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
35. Held, D. (1995), Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
36. Held, D. (2010), “Principles of Cosmopolitan Order”, en Held, D. y Wallace, G. (eds.), The Cosmopolitanism Reader, Cambridge, Polity.
37. Held, D. y McGrew, A. (2003), Globalización/Antiglobalización: Sobre la reconstrucción del orden mundial, Barcelona, Paidós.
38. Johnstone, I. (2011), The Power of Deliberation: International Law, Politics and Organizations, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
39. Kaldor, M. (1991), “The Idea of Global Civil Society”, International Affairs, 79(3), pp. 583-593.
40. Kammerhofer, J. (2015), “International Legal Positivism”, en Hoffmann, F. y Orford, A. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of International Legal Theory, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
41. Klabbers, J. (2013), International Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press [ Links ]
42. Koskenniemi, M. (2005), From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of the International Legal Argument, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
43. Kuper, A. (2000), “Rawlsian Global Justice: Beyond the Law of Peoples to a Cosmopolitan Law of Persons”, Political Theory, 28(5), pp. 640-674.
44. Kymlicka, W. (2001), Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Citizenship, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
45. Kymlicka, W. (2002), Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction, Oxford, Oxford Uuniversity Press.
46. Lachenmann, F. (2011), “Legal Positivism”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law.
47. Lowe, V. (2000), “The Politics of Law-Making: Are the Mmethod and Character of Norm Creation Changing?”, en Byers, M. (ed.), The Role of Law in International Politics, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 207-226.
48. Macdonald, T. (2008), Global Stakeholder Democracy: Power and Representation Beyond Liberal States, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
49. Maisley, N. (2013), “The Case for Large Participatory Conferences as a Means of Decision Making in International Environmental Law”, Environmental Claims Journal, 25(2), pp. 111-126.
50. Marks, S. (2000), The Riddle of All Constitutions: International Law, Democracy and the Critique of Ideology, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
51. Martí, J. L. (2006), La república deliberativa: Una teoría de la democracia, Madrid, Marcial Pons.
52. Martí, J. L. (2010), “A Global republic to Prevent Global Domination”, Diacrítica. Revista do Centro de Estudos Humanísticos da Universidade do Minho, 24(2), pp. 31-72.
53. Martí, J. L. (2012), “Política y bien común global”, en Espósito, C. y Garcimartín Alférez, F. J. (eds.), La protección de bienes jurídicos globales, Madrid, Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado, pp. 17-37.
54. McCorquodale, R. (2004), “An Inclusive International Legal System”, Leiden Journal of International Law, 17(3), pp. 477-504.
55. Miller, D. (1995), On Nationality, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
56. Moravcsik, A. (2004), “Is There a ‘Democratic Deficit’ in World Politics? A Framework for Analysis”, Government and Opposition, 39(2), pp. 336-363.
57. Nagel, T. (2005), “The Problem of Global Justice”, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 33(2), pp. 113-147.
58. Neblo, M., Esterling, K., Kennedy, R., Lazer, D. y Sokhey, A. (2010), “Who Wants To Deliberate - And Why?”, The American Political Science Review, 104(3), pp. 566-583.
59. Nino, C. S. (1989), Ética y derechos humanos, Buenos Aires, Astrea.
60. Nino, C. S. (1996), The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy, New Haven, Yale University Press.
61. Nino, C. S. (2007), Derecho, moral y política II: Fundamentos del liberalismo político, derechos humanos y democracia deliberativa, Maurino, G. (ed.), Buenos Aires Gedisa.
62. Nino, C. S. (2013), Ocho lecciones sobre ética y derecho para pensar la democracia, Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI.
63. Oquendo, A. (2008), “Democracia deliberativa en Nino y Habermas”, en Alegre, M., Gargarella, R. y Rosenkrantz, C. (eds.), Homenaje a Carlos S. Nino, Buenos Aires, La ley - Facultad de Derecho, pp. 269-306.
64. Peters, A. (2009), “Dual Democracy”, en Klabbers, J., Peters, A. y Ulfstein, G. (eds.), The Constitutionalization of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 263-341.
65. Pettit, P. (2010a), “A republican Law of Peoples”, European Journal of Political Theory, 9(1), pp. 70-94.
66. Pettit, P. (2010b), “Legitimate International Institutions: A Neo-Republican Perspective”, en Besson, S. y J. Tasioulas, J. (eds.), The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 139-160.
67. Pinto, M. (2008), El derecho internacional: Vigencia y desafíos en un escenario globalizado, Buenos Aires, Fondo de Cultura Económica.
68. Pogge, T. (1989), Realizing Rawls, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
69. Pogge, T. (1992), “Cosmopolitanism and Sovereignty”, Ethics, 103(1), pp. 48-75.
70. Pogge, T. (2004), “The Incoherence Between Rawls’s Theories of Justice”, Fordham Law Review, 72(5), pp. 1739-1759.
71. Rawls, J. (1993), Political Liberalism, Nueva York, Columbia University Press.
72. Rawls, J. (1999a), A Theory of Justice,Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
73. Rawls, J. (1999b), The Law of Peoples (with The Idea of Public Reason Revisited), Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
74. Rosanvallon, P. (2008), Counter-Democracy: Politics in an Age of Distrust, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
75. Sassen, S. (2007), Sociology of Globalization, Nueva York, W.W. Norton.
76. Scanlon, T. (2005), When Does Equality Matter?, Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studies.
77. Simma, B. y Paulus, A. (1999), “The Responsibility of Individuals for Human Rights Abuses in Internal Conflicts: A Positivist View”, The American Journal of International Law, 93, pp. 302-316.
78. Singer, P. (2002), One World: The Ethics of Globalization, New Haven, Yale University Press.
79. Spector, H. (2008), “Democracia y control de constitucionalidad: una tensión aparente”, en Alegre, M., Gargarella, R. y Rosenkrantz, C. (eds.), Homenaje a Carlos S. Nino, La ley - Facultad de Derecho, Buenos Aires, pp. 231-246.
80. Tasioulas, J. (2009), “Customary International Law and the Quest for Global Justice”, en Perrau-Saussine, A. y Murphy, J. B. (eds.), The Nature of Customary Law: Legal, Historical and Philosophical Perspectives, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 307-335.
81. Tesón, F. (1998), A Philosophy of International Law, Oxford, Westview Press.
82. Urbinati, N. (2003), “Can Cosmopolitan Democracy Be Democratic?”, en Archibugi, D. (ed.), Debating Cosmopolitics, Londres, Verso.
83. Walzer, M. (2000), “Governing the Globe”, Dissent, pp. 44-52.
84. Wolfrum, R. (2006), “International Law”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law.
85. Wolfrum, R. (2008), Legitimacy in International Law, Wolfrum, R. y Röben, V. (eds.), Berlín, Springer.