Publicado 2015-05-01
Palabras clave
- Igualdad polÃtica,
- Nivelación hacia abajo,
- Bienes posicionales
- Political equality,
- Leveling down objection,
- Positional goods
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo es defender el valor normativo de un principio de igualdad de oportunidades para influir políticamente en contra de un principio que las distribuya de manera desigual pero beneficiando a los peor situados. Para ello, se muestra que la influencia política es un bien de un tipo especial que permite rechazar la objeción de la nivelación hacia abajo y que la igualdad política, aunque pueda ser derrotada por consideraciones epistémicas, es absolutamente necesaria para criticar aspectos inequitativos de una distribución desigual.
Citas
1. Ackerman, B. (1993), "Crediting the voters: A new beginning for Campaigning Finance", American Prospects, 13, pp. 71-80.
2. Ackerman, B. y Ayres, I. (2002), Voting with Dollars: a new paradigm for Campaign reform, New Heaven, Yale University Press.
3. Anderson, E. (1999), "What is the point of equality?", Ethics, 109 (2), pp. 287-337.
4. Arendt, H. (2009), La condición humana, Barcelona, Paidós.
5. Bohman, J. (1996), Public Deliberation, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
6. Brighouse, H. (1996), "Egalitarianism and Equal Availability of Political Influence", Journal of Political Philosophy, 4 (2), pp. 118-141.
7. Brighouse, H. (1997), "Political equality in Justice as Fairness", Philosophical Studies, 86 (2), pp. 155-184.
8. Brighouse, H. y Swift, A. (2006), "Equality, Priority and Positional Goods", Ethics, 116 (3), pp. 471-497.
9. Cohen, J. (1989), "Economic basis of deliberative democracy", Social Philosophy and Policy, 6 (2), pp. 25-50.
10. Cohen, J. (2001), "Money, Politics, Political Equality", en Byrne, A., Stalnaker, R. y Wedgwood, R. (eds.), Fact and Value. Essays on Ethics and Metaphysics for Judith Jarvis Thomson, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
11. Dahl, R. (2008), La igualdad política, Buenos Aires, Fondo de Cultura Económica.
12. Dworkin, R. (2000), Sovereign Virtue, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
13. Estlund, D. (1997), "Beyond Fairness and Deliberation: The epistemic Dimension of Democratic Authority", en Bohman, J. y Rehg, W. (eds.), Deliberative Democracy, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
14. Estlund, D. (2000), "Political Quality", Social Philosophy and Policy, 17 (1), pp. 127-160.
15. Gargarella, R. (2005), "El carácter igualitario del republicanismo", Isegoría, 33, pp. 175-189.
16. Knight, J. y Johnson, J. (1997), "What sort of political equality does deliberative democracy require?", en Bohman, J. y Rehg, W. (eds.), Deliberative Democracy, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
17. Latinobarómetro (2010), Informe Latinobarómetro 2010, disponible en <http://www.latinobarometro.org/latContents.jsp> [ Links ]
18. Ovejero, L. (2008), Incluso un pueblo de demonios: democracia, liberalismo, republicanismo, Buenos Aires, Katz.
19. Parfit, D. (2004), Personas, racionalidad y tiempo, Madrid, Síntesis.
20. Payne, M., Zovatto, D. y Mateo Díaz, M. (2007), Democracies in Development. Politics and Reform in Latin America, Washington, Interamerican Development Bank.
21. Phillips, A. (1995), The Politics of Presence, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
22. Phillips, A. (2004), "Defending equality of outcome", The Journal of Political Philosophy, 12 (1), pp. 1-19.
23. PNUD (2004), La democracia en América Latina. Hacia una democracia de ciudadanos y ciudadanas, Buenos Aires, Alfaguara.
24. Rawls, J. (1996), Liberalismo Político, Barcelona, Crítica.
25. Rawls, J. (2004), Justicia como equidad. Una reformulación, Buenos Aires, Paidós.
26. Richardson, H. (2002), Democratic Autonomy, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
27. Rousseau, J. J. (1998), Del contrato social, Madrid, Alianza.
28. Temkin, L. (2000), "Equality, Priority and the Levelling Down Objection", en Clayton, M. y Williams, A. (eds.), The Ideal of Equality, Hampshire, Macmillan Press.
29. Temkin, L. (2003), "Equality, Priority or What?", Economics and Philosophy, 19 (1), pp. 61-87.
30. Verba, S. (2003), "Would the Dream of Political Equality Turn Out to Be a Nightmare?", Perspective on Politics, 1 (4), pp. 663-679.
31. Walzer, M. (1993), Las esferas de la justicia, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica.
32. Wertheimer, A. (1988), "The equalization of legal resources", Philosophy & Public Affairs, 17, pp. 303-322.
33. Young, I. (1999), "Justice, Inclusion and Deliberative Democracy", en Macedo, S. (ed.), Deliberative Politics. Essays on Democracy and Disagreement, New York, Oxford University Press.
34. Young, I. (2000), Inclusion and Democracy, New York, Oxford University Press.
2. Ackerman, B. y Ayres, I. (2002), Voting with Dollars: a new paradigm for Campaign reform, New Heaven, Yale University Press.
3. Anderson, E. (1999), "What is the point of equality?", Ethics, 109 (2), pp. 287-337.
4. Arendt, H. (2009), La condición humana, Barcelona, Paidós.
5. Bohman, J. (1996), Public Deliberation, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
6. Brighouse, H. (1996), "Egalitarianism and Equal Availability of Political Influence", Journal of Political Philosophy, 4 (2), pp. 118-141.
7. Brighouse, H. (1997), "Political equality in Justice as Fairness", Philosophical Studies, 86 (2), pp. 155-184.
8. Brighouse, H. y Swift, A. (2006), "Equality, Priority and Positional Goods", Ethics, 116 (3), pp. 471-497.
9. Cohen, J. (1989), "Economic basis of deliberative democracy", Social Philosophy and Policy, 6 (2), pp. 25-50.
10. Cohen, J. (2001), "Money, Politics, Political Equality", en Byrne, A., Stalnaker, R. y Wedgwood, R. (eds.), Fact and Value. Essays on Ethics and Metaphysics for Judith Jarvis Thomson, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
11. Dahl, R. (2008), La igualdad política, Buenos Aires, Fondo de Cultura Económica.
12. Dworkin, R. (2000), Sovereign Virtue, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
13. Estlund, D. (1997), "Beyond Fairness and Deliberation: The epistemic Dimension of Democratic Authority", en Bohman, J. y Rehg, W. (eds.), Deliberative Democracy, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
14. Estlund, D. (2000), "Political Quality", Social Philosophy and Policy, 17 (1), pp. 127-160.
15. Gargarella, R. (2005), "El carácter igualitario del republicanismo", Isegoría, 33, pp. 175-189.
16. Knight, J. y Johnson, J. (1997), "What sort of political equality does deliberative democracy require?", en Bohman, J. y Rehg, W. (eds.), Deliberative Democracy, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
17. Latinobarómetro (2010), Informe Latinobarómetro 2010, disponible en <http://www.latinobarometro.org/latContents.jsp> [ Links ]
18. Ovejero, L. (2008), Incluso un pueblo de demonios: democracia, liberalismo, republicanismo, Buenos Aires, Katz.
19. Parfit, D. (2004), Personas, racionalidad y tiempo, Madrid, Síntesis.
20. Payne, M., Zovatto, D. y Mateo Díaz, M. (2007), Democracies in Development. Politics and Reform in Latin America, Washington, Interamerican Development Bank.
21. Phillips, A. (1995), The Politics of Presence, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
22. Phillips, A. (2004), "Defending equality of outcome", The Journal of Political Philosophy, 12 (1), pp. 1-19.
23. PNUD (2004), La democracia en América Latina. Hacia una democracia de ciudadanos y ciudadanas, Buenos Aires, Alfaguara.
24. Rawls, J. (1996), Liberalismo Político, Barcelona, Crítica.
25. Rawls, J. (2004), Justicia como equidad. Una reformulación, Buenos Aires, Paidós.
26. Richardson, H. (2002), Democratic Autonomy, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
27. Rousseau, J. J. (1998), Del contrato social, Madrid, Alianza.
28. Temkin, L. (2000), "Equality, Priority and the Levelling Down Objection", en Clayton, M. y Williams, A. (eds.), The Ideal of Equality, Hampshire, Macmillan Press.
29. Temkin, L. (2003), "Equality, Priority or What?", Economics and Philosophy, 19 (1), pp. 61-87.
30. Verba, S. (2003), "Would the Dream of Political Equality Turn Out to Be a Nightmare?", Perspective on Politics, 1 (4), pp. 663-679.
31. Walzer, M. (1993), Las esferas de la justicia, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica.
32. Wertheimer, A. (1988), "The equalization of legal resources", Philosophy & Public Affairs, 17, pp. 303-322.
33. Young, I. (1999), "Justice, Inclusion and Deliberative Democracy", en Macedo, S. (ed.), Deliberative Politics. Essays on Democracy and Disagreement, New York, Oxford University Press.
34. Young, I. (2000), Inclusion and Democracy, New York, Oxford University Press.