Vol. 37 Núm. 2 (2017)
Artículos

Direito contratual, Justiça rawlsiana e etos social

Publicado 2017-11-01

Palabras clave

  • Direito Contratual,
  • ; Rawls,
  • Princípio da Diferença,
  • Etos social
  • Contract Law,
  • Rawls,
  • Difference Principle,
  • Social Ethos
  • Direito Contratual,
  • Rawls,
  • Princípio da Diferença,
  • Etos social

Resumen

O artigo discorre sobre a relação entre o direito contratual e os princípios da teoría da justiça de Rawls, com especial atenção para o princípio da diferença. Parte-se da premissa de que as atitudes dos cidadãos (ou etos social) se sujeitam à influência das instituições. Todo o restante sendo igual, portanto, o princípio da diferença requer instituições que fomentem um etos social o mais igualitário possível. Conclui-se daí que o papel do direito contratual em uma sociedade ideal rawlsiana pode não ser o de promover a eficiência (isto é, beneficiar os cidadãos em pior situação mediante uma regulação eficiente das trocas), mas colaborar para um etos social menos propenso à desigualdade. Afirma-se que o direito contratual pode cumprir esse desiderato de duas maneiras: descritivamente, ao abrir mão da presunção de que os contratantes atuam unicamente para maximizar a própria utilidade (a presunção do homo economicus), e valorativamente, ao enaltecer comportamentos moderadamente altruístas.

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