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Acerca de las razones para ver la adicción como una enfermedad

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  • Federico Burdman
Federico Burdman
Universidad de Buenos Aires
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36446/af.e1048

Publicado 2025-03-05

Palabras clave

  • Addiction,
  • Disease,
  • Impaired Behavioral Control,
  • Dysfunction,
  • Harm
  • Adicción,
  • Enfermedad,
  • Control conductual deteriorado,
  • Disfunción,
  • Daño
Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.

Resumen

En este artículo, echo una mirada al debate acerca del estatus de la adicción como enfermedad. Aunque la adicción es comúnmente vista como una enfermedad, varios autores han esgrimido razones para el agnosticismo o el escepticismo acerca de la corrección de esta etiqueta. Cualquier intento de abordar esta discusión directamente se complica por su relación con varios otros debates abiertos, tanto del lado de las teorías de la adicción como del lado de las teorías de la enfermedad. Mi objetivo principal en este artículo es identificar cuáles son los principales puntos de controversia. Mi objetivo secundario es ofrecer una defensa limitada de la tesis de la adicción como enfermedad. El punto neurálgico del debate es si la adicción es el resultado de una disfunción psicológica, y el principal obstáculo para afirmar que hay tal disfunción psicológica es que actualmente carecemos de una explicación relativamente unificada del rasgo conductual que más fuertemente sugiere la ocurrencia de algo disfuncional: la merma de la capacidad esperable para controlar la propia conducta. Según sostengo, hay un sentido en el que la afirmación de disfunción puede estar justificada incluso en ausencia de una explicación causal unificada. Esto requiere, sin embargo, suposiciones que son hasta cierto punto controversiales, incluyendo la visión de la adicción en términos de deterioro del control conductual y la aceptabilidad de predicar disfunción a partir de rasgos conductuales a nivel personal.

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