Publicado 2019-11-01
Palabras clave
- Emoción,
- Regulación,
- Retroalimentación,
- Modulación
- Emotion,
- Regulation,
- Feedback,
- Modulation
Resumen
Aunque el estudio de la regulación emocional es un campo de investigación pujante, todavía hay un debate en torno a la noción misma de regulación emocional. Una propuesta muy difundida afirma que la regulación es un proceso de segundo orden que es diferente (y modifica) a la emoción. Esta caracterización ha sido cuestionada sobre la base de que frecuentemente las emociones se regulan a sí mismas por medio de diferentes formas de retroalimentación. La retroalimentación emocional sugiere que la regulación podría ser una forma de control (tal como es caracterizada en la teoría del control). En este trabajo, argumento que ninguna de estas dos caracterizaciones captura todas las aplicaciones pretendidas de la noción y propongo en cambio identificar a la regulación con ‘modulación’. En neurociencia, la modulación es el proceso de cambiar la forma de una relación input-output. Esta es una noción que puede ser aplicada a las diferentes estrategias regulatorias propuestas en la literatura y que es compatible con la regulación de segundo orden y la retroalimentación emocional.
Citas
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Servan-Schreiber, D., Printz, H. and Cohen, J. D. (1990), “A Network Model of Catecholamide Effects: Gain, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Behavior”, Science, 249, pp. 892-895.
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Thurley, K., Senn, W., and Lüscher, H. R. (2008), “Dopamine Increases the Gain of the Input-Output Response of Rat Prefrontal Pyramidal Neurons”, Journal of Neurophysiology, 99 (6), pp. 2985-2997.
Tooby, J. and Cosmides, L. (2000), Evolutionary psychology: Foundational papers, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
Tsodyks, M. and Wu, S. (2013), “Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity”, Scholarpedia, 8 (10), p. 3153.
Villalobos, M. and Razeto-Barry, P. (2019), “Are Living Beings Extended Autopoietic Systems? An Embodied Reply, Adaptive Behavior, doi: 1059712318823723.
Wajnerman Paz, A. (2019), “¿Qué implica una teoría evolutiva de las emociones respecto de la relación entre emoción y regulación emocional?”, Tópicos, 37, pp. 158-176.
Balthazart, J, Castagna, C. and Ball, G. F. (1997), “Aromatase Inhibition Blocks the Activation and Sexual Differentiation of Appetitive Male Sexual Behavior in Japanese Quail”, Behav. Neurosci., 111, pp. 381-397.
Balthazart, J., Reid, J., Absil, P., Foidart, A. and Ball, G. F. (1995), “Appetitive as Well as Consummatory Aspects of Male Sexual Behavior in Quail are Activated by Androgens and Estrogens”, Behav. Neurosci., 109, pp. 485-501.
Berridge, K. C. (2009), “Wanting and Liking: Observations from the Neuroscience and Psychology Laboratory”, Inquiry, 52, pp. 378-398.
Dielenberg, R. A. and McGregor, I. S. (1999), “Habituation of the Hiding Response to Cat Odor in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)” Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113, pp. 376-387.
Doyle, J. C., Francis, B. A. and Tannenbaum, A. R. (1992), Feedback Control Theory, New York, Maxwell MacMillan International.
Georgiadis, J. R. and Kortekaas, R. (2010), “The Sweetest Taboo: Functional Neurobiology of Human Sexuality in Relation to Pleasure, in Kringelbach, M. L. and Berridge, K. C. (eds.) (2010), Pleasures of the Brain, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 178-201.
Gross, J. J. (2008), “Emotion Regulation”, in Lewis, M., Haviland-Jones, J. M. and Barrett, L. F. (eds.) (2008), Handbook of Emotions, New York, The Guilford Press, pp. 497-512.
Gross, J. J. (2014), Handbook of Emotion Regulation, New York, The Guilford Press, 2nd ed.
Gross, J. J. (2015), “Emotion Regulation: Current Status and Future Prospects”, Psychological Inquiry, 26, pp. 1-26.
Gross, J. J. and Barrett, L. F. (2011), “Emotion Generation and Emotion Regulation: One or Two Depends on Your Point of View”, Emotion Review, 3 (1), pp.8-16.
Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M. and John, O. P. (2006), “Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life”, in Snyder, D. K., Simpson, J. A. and Hughes, J. N. (eds.) (2006), Emotion Regulation in Couples and Families: Pathways to Dysfunction and Health, Washington D. C., American Psychological Association, pp. 13-35.
Gross, J. J. and Thompson, R. A. (2007), “Emotion Regulation: Conceptual Foundations”, in Gross, J. J. (ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation, New York, The Guilford Press, pp. 3-24.
Hass, J. and Durstewitz, D. (2011), “Models of Dopaminergic Modulation”, Scholarpedia, 6 (8), pp. 4215.
Kappas, A. (2011), “Emotion and Regulation are One!”, Emotion Review, 3 (1), pp. 17-25.
Katz, P. S. and Calin-Jageman R. J. (2009), “Neuromodulation”, in Squire, L. R. (ed.) (2009), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Vol. 6, Oxford, Academic Press, pp. 497-503.
Maturana, H. and Varela, F. (1980), Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic.
Mazur, J. E. (2017), Learning & Behavior, New York, Routledge, 8th ed.
Moors, A., Ellsworth, P. C., Scherer, K. R. and Frijda, N. H. (2013), “Appraisal Theories of Emotion: State of the Art and Future Development”, Emotion Review, 5 (2), pp. 119-124.
Moyer, J. T., Wolf, J. A. and Finkel, L. H. (2007), “Effects of Dopaminergic Modulation on the Integrative Properties of the Ventral Striatal Medium Spiny Neuron”, Journal of Neurophysiology, 98 (6), pp. 3731-3748.
Ochsner, K. N. and Gross, J. J. (2014), “The Neural Bases of Emotion and Emotion Regulation: A Valuation Perspective, in Gross, J. J. (ed.) (2014), Handbook of Emotion Regulation, New York, The Guilford Press, 2nd ed., pp. 23-42.
Oishi, S., Diener, E. and Lucas, R. E. (2007), “The Optimal Level of Well-Being: Can We Be Too Happy?”, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, pp. 346-360.
Prinz, J. (2002), Furnishing the Mind: Concepts and Their Perceptual Basis, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
Servan-Schreiber, D., Printz, H. and Cohen, J. D. (1990), “A Network Model of Catecholamide Effects: Gain, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Behavior”, Science, 249, pp. 892-895.
Silver, R. A., (2010), “Neuronal Arithmetic”, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, pp. 474-489.
Smith, K. S., Mahler, S. V., Pecina, S. and Berridge, K. C. (2010), “Hedonic Hotspots: Generating Sensory Pleasure in the Brain”, in Kringelbach, M. L. and K. C. Berridge, K. C. (eds.) (2010), Pleasures of the Brain, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 27-49.
Thurley, K., Senn, W., and Lüscher, H. R. (2008), “Dopamine Increases the Gain of the Input-Output Response of Rat Prefrontal Pyramidal Neurons”, Journal of Neurophysiology, 99 (6), pp. 2985-2997.
Tooby, J. and Cosmides, L. (2000), Evolutionary psychology: Foundational papers, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
Tsodyks, M. and Wu, S. (2013), “Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity”, Scholarpedia, 8 (10), p. 3153.
Villalobos, M. and Razeto-Barry, P. (2019), “Are Living Beings Extended Autopoietic Systems? An Embodied Reply, Adaptive Behavior, doi: 1059712318823723.
Wajnerman Paz, A. (2019), “¿Qué implica una teoría evolutiva de las emociones respecto de la relación entre emoción y regulación emocional?”, Tópicos, 37, pp. 158-176.