Vol. 43 Núm. 1 (2023)
Artículos

Fuerza, contenido y la metafísica del juicio

Javier Vidal
Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile

Publicado 2023-05-01

Palabras clave

  • Fundación,
  • Juicio,
  • Predicación,
  • Problema Frege-Geach,
  • Proposición
  • Grounding,
  • Judgement,
  • Predication,
  • Frege-Geach Problem,
  • Proposition

Resumen

El problema Frege-Geach consiste en explicar que el mismo contenido proposicional figure tanto afirmado como no afirmado en diferentes contextos. Se trata de un desafío mayor para una concepción según la cual una proposición predicativa es inherentemente afirmativa. Justamente Peter Hanks ha defendido recientemente dicha concepción al sostener que un acto de predicación es un juicio. Entonces se enfrenta al problema Frege-Geach argumentando que algunos contextos cancelan el compromiso normal con la verdad. Pero según varios críticos, hay un dilema aquí: o bien la cancelación nos deja con algo menos que una predicación o bien nos deja con la predicación menos el compromiso. En este artículo, propongo una aproximación al dilema que apela a la naturaleza no afirmativa de las proposiciones pero salva la estrecha conexión entre la predicación y el juicio. También intento explicar esa estrecha conexión desarrollando una metafísica del juicio en términos de fundación entre hechos, con los hechos judicativos solo fundados parcialmente en los hechos predicativos.

Citas

  1. Alvarado, J. T. (2019). Emergence and reduction. Filosofia Unisinos, 20(1), 3-12. https://doi: 10.4013/fsu.2019.201.01
  2. Audi, P. (2012). Grounding: Towards a theory of the in-virtue-of relation. The Journal of Philosophy, 109(12), 685-711. https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil20121091232
  3. Bronzo, S. (2019). Propositional complexity and the Frege-Geach Point. Synthese, 198, 3099-3130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02270-1
  4. Conant, J. (2020a). Section XI: Reply to Stroud on Kant and Frege: On the relation of thought to judgment. En S. Miguens (Ed.), The logical alien (pp. 783-829). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674242821-022
  5. Conant, J. (2020b). Section V: Leibnizian versus Kantian conceptions of logic. En S. Miguens (Ed.), The logical alien (pp. 405-468). https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674242821-016
  6. Correia, F., & Schnieder, B. (2012). Grounding: An opinionated introduction. En F. Correia & B. Schnieder (Eds.), Metaphysical grounding: Understanding the structure of reality (pp. 1-36). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139149136.001
  7. Dixon, T. S. (2016). Grounding and supplementation. Erkenntnis, 81, 375-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-015-9744-z
  8. Fine, K. (2012). Guide to ground. En F. Correia & B. Schnieder (Eds.), Metaphysical grounding: Understanding the structure of reality (pp. 37-80). https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139149136.002
  9. Frege, G. (1879/1997). Begriffsschrift, prefacio y Parte I. En M. Beaney (Ed.), The Frege Reader. Blackwell.
  10. Geach, P. (1965). Assertion. The Philosophical Review, 74(4), 449-465. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183123
  11. Green, M. S. (2018). A refinement and defense of the force/content distinction. En D. Fogal, D. W. Harris & M. Moss (Eds.), New work in speech acts (pp. 99-122). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738831.003.0004
  12. Hanks, P. (2007). How Wittgenstein defeated Russell’s multiple relation theory of judgment. Synthese, 154, 121-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-005-0195-y
  13. Hanks, P. (2011). Structured propositions as types. Mind, 120(477), 11-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzr011
  14. Hanks, P. (2013). What are the primary bearers of truth? Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 43(5-6), 558-574. https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2013.870723
  15. Hanks, P. (2015). Propositional content. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684892.001.0001
  16. Hanks, P. (2019). On cancellation. Synthese, 196, 1385-1402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1260-4
  17. Hom, C. & Schwartz, J. (2013). Unity and the Frege-Geach problem. Philosophical Studies, 163, 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-012-0079-1
  18. Jespersen, B. (2012). Recent work on structured meaning and propositional unity. Philosophy Compass, 7(9), 620-630. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2012.00509.x
  19. King, J. C. (2014). Naturalized propositions. En J. C. King, S. Soames & J. Speaks (Eds.), New thinking about propositions (pp. 47-70). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693764.003.0004
  20. Kriegel, U. (2013). Entertaining as a propositional attitude: A nonreductive characterization. American Philosophical Quarterly, 50, 1-22.
  21. Lebens, S. (2017). Bertrand Russell and the nature of propositions. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315185361
  22. Leuenberger, S. (2020). The fundamental: Ungrounded or all-grounding? Philosophical Studies, 177, 2647-2669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-019-01332-x
  23. Pincock, C. (2008). Russell’s last (and best) multiple relation theory of judgment. Mind, 117(465), 107-140. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzn005
  24. Potter, M. (2009). Wittgenstein’s notes on logic. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215836.001.0001
  25. Recanati, F. (2019). Force cancellation. Synthese, 196, 1403-1424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1223-9
  26. Reiland, I. (2013). Propositional attitudes and mental acts. Thought, 1(3), 239-245. https://doi.org/10.1002/tht3.42
  27. Rosen, G. (2010). Metaphysical dependence: Grounding and reduction. En B. Hale & A. Hoffman (Eds.), Modality: Metaphysics, logic, and Epistemology (pp. 109-135). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565818.003.0007
  28. Russell, B. (1903/1937). The principles of mathematics (2da ed.). Allen & Unwin.
  29. Russell, B. (1913/1992). Theory of knowledge (E. Ramsden Eames, Ed.). Routledge.
  30. Smith, N. (2000). Frege’s judgement stroke. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 78(2), 153-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048400012349451
  31. Soames, S. (2010). What is meaning? Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400833948
  32. Soames, S. (2014a). Cognitive propositions. En J. C. King, S. Soames & J. Speaks (Eds.), New thinking about propositions (pp. 91-124). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693764.003.0006
  33. Soames, S. (2014b). Clarifying and improving the cognitive theory. En J. C. King, S. Soames & J. Speaks (Eds.), New thinking about propositions (pp. 226-244). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693764.003.0012
  34. Soames, S. (2015). Rethinking language, mind, and meaning. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400866335
  35. Soames, S. (2019). Propositions as cognitive acts. Synthese, 196, 1369-1383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1168-z
  36. Speaks, J. (2014). Representational entities and representational acts. En J. C. King, S. Soames & J. Speaks (Eds.), New thinking about propositions (pp. 147-165). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693764.003.0008
  37. Trogdon, K. & Witmer, D. G. (2021). Full and partial grounding. Journal of the American Philosophical Association, 7(2), 252-271. https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2020.26
  38. Vidal, J. (2021). Juicio, relación múltiple y la teoría cognitivista de las proposiciones. Diánoia, 66(87), 45-74. https://doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704913e.2021.87.1858