v. 43 n. 2 (2023)
Artigos

¿Es un todo prioritario a sus partes?

Angelo Briones
IIF-SADAF-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Publicado 2023-11-01

Resumo

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal exponer un problema de coherencia presente en las teorías que plantean que los todos mereológicos son prioritarios a las partes que lo componen. El argumento central consiste en mostrar que la dependencia de identidad que las partes tienen con los todos que componen —que define la prioridad ontológica del todo respecto a sus partes— implica un principio de identidad a partir del cual se puede establecer que los todos, a su vez, dependen para su identidad de sus partes, por lo tanto las partes son ontológicamente prioritarias respecto al todo que componen. Así, la teoría colapsa en un círculo vicioso que atenta contra la noción misma de dependencia de identidad. Por esta razón, la teoría no puede sostener de manera coherente la tesis de que los todos son ontológicamente prioritarios a sus partes.

Referências

  1. Alvarado, J. T. (2015). Dos teorías nucleares de la sustancia. Cuadernos de Filosofía, 33, 29-51. http://revistas.udec.cl/index.php/cuadernos_de_filosofia/article/view/803
  2. Alvarado, J. T. (2020). A metaphysics of platonic universals and their instantiations: Shadow of universals. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53393-9
  3. Aristóteles (1998). Metafísica. Gredos.
  4. Bennett, K. (2017). Making things up. Oxford University Press.
  5. Bird, A., & Tobin, E. (2022). Natural kinds. En E. Zalta (Ed), The Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/natural-kinds/
  6. Canavotto, I., & Giordani, A. (2020). An extensional mereology for structured entities. Erkenntnis. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-020-00305-5
  7. Correia, F. (2008). Ontological dependence. Philosophy Compass, 3(5), 1013-1032. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00170.x
  8. Fine, K. (1994). Essence and modality: The second Philosophical Perspectives lecture. Philosophical Perspectives, 8, 1-16 https://doi.org/10.2307/2214160
  9. Fine, K. (1995). Ontological dependence. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society: New series, 95(1), 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/95.1.269
  10. Fine, K. (1999). Things and their parts. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 23, 61-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4975.00004
  11. Fine, K. (2010) Toward a theory of part. The Journal of Philosophy, 107(11), 559-589. https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil20101071139
  12. Gorman, M. (2012). On substantial independence: A reply to Patrick Toner. Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in Analytic Tradition, 159(2), 293-297. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23262290
  13. Gruszczyński, R. & Varzi, A. C. (2015) Mereology then and now. Logic and Logical Philosophy, 24(4), 409-427. https://doi.org/10.12775/LLP.2015.024
  14. Harte, V. (2002). Plato on parts and wholes. Oxford University Press.
  15. Inman, R. (2018). Substance and the fundamentality of the familiar. Routledge.
  16. Johnston, M. (2002). Parts and principles: False axioms in mereology. Philosophical Topics, 30(1), 129-166. https://doi.org/10.5840/philtopics20023017
  17. Kim, J. (2003). The non-reductivist’s troubles with mental causation. En J. Heil & A. Mele (Eds.), Mental causation (pp. 189-210). Oxford University Press.
  18. Koons, R. (2014). Staunch vs fains-hearted hylomorphism: Towards and Aristotelian account of composition. Res Philosophica, 91(2), 151-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.11612/resphil.2014.91.2.1
  19. Koslicki, K. (2008). The structure of objects. Oxford University Press.
  20. Koslicki, K. (2013). Substance, independence and unity. En E. Fesser (Ed.), Aristotle on method and metaphysics (pp. 169-195). Palgrave Macmillan.
  21. Lando, G. (2017). Mereology: A philosophical introduction. Bloomsbury.
  22. Lewis, D. (1991). Parts of classes. Basil Blackwell.
  23. Llored, J. P., & Harré, R. (2014). Developing the mereology of chemistry. En C. Calosi & P. Graziani (Eds.), Mereology and the sciences (pp. 189-212). Springer.
  24. Lowe, E. J. (2001). The possibility of metaphysics: Substance, identity and time. Oxford University Press.
  25. Lowe, E. J. (2007). Sortals and the individuation of objects. Mind & Language, 22(5), 514-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.2007.00318.x
  26. Lowe, E. J. (2009). More kinds of being. Wiley-Blackwell.
  27. Lowe, E. J. (2012). Asymmetrical dependence in individuation. En F. Correia & B. Schnieder (Eds.). Metaphysical grounding understanding the structure of reality (214-233). Cambridge University Press.
  28. Lowe, E. J., & Tahko, T. E. (2020). Ontological dependence. En E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dependence-ontological/
  29. Marmodoro, A. (2013). Aristotle’s hylomorphism, without reconditioning. Philosophical Inquiry, 37(1/2), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.5840/philinquiry2013371/28
  30. McDaniel, K. (2004). Modal realism with overlap. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 82(1) 137-152.
  31. McDaniel, K. (2010). Parts and wholes. Philosophy Compass, 5(5), 412-425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2009.00238.x
  32. Meirav, A. (2003). Wholes, sums and unities. Springer.
  33. Oppenheim, P., & Putnam, H. (1958). Unity of science as a working hypothesis. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 2, 3-36.
  34. Sattig, T. (2015). The double lives of objects: An essay in the metaphysics of the ordinary world. Oxford University Press.
  35. Sattig, T. (2021a). Material objects. Cambridge University Press.
  36. Sattig, T. (2021b). Parts, slot, ground: Foundations for neo-aristotelian mereology. Synthese, 198, 2735- 2749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02141-9
  37. Schaffer, J. (2009). On what grounds what. En D. J. Chalmers, D. Manley & R. Wasserman (Eds.), Metametaphysics: New essays on the foundations of ontology (pp. 347-383). Oxford University Press.
  38. Schaffer, J. (2018). Monism En E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/monism/
  39. Sider, T. (2013). Against parthood. Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, 8, 237-293.
  40. Simons, P. (1998). A farewell to substance: A diferentiated leave-taking. Ratio (New Series), 11(3), 235-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9329.00069
  41. Simons, P. (2003). Parts. Oxford University Press.
  42. Simons, P. (2006). Real wholes, real parts: Mereology without algebra. The Journal of Philosophy, 113(12), 597-613. https://doi.org/10.5840/jphil2006103122
  43. Toner, P. (2010). On substance. American Catholic Philosophical Quaterly, 84(1), 25-48. https://doi.org/10.5840/acpq20108412
  44. van Inwagen, P. (1990). Material beings. Cornell University Press.
  45. Varzi, A. (2000). Mereological commitments. Dialectica, 54(4), 283-305 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.2000.tb00286.x
  46. Varzi, A. (2009). Universalism entails extensionalism. Analysis, 69, 599-604. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/anp102
  47. Varzi, A. (2010). On the boundary between material and formal ontology. En B. Smith, R. Mizoguchi & S. Nakagawa (Eds.), Interdisciplinary ontology, Vol 3: Proceedings of the third interdisciplinary ontology meeting (pp. 3-8). Keio University Press.
  48. Wiggins, D. (2003). Sameness and substance renewed. Cambridge University Press.